The Violence Triangle

Economy/Society
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Johan Galtung has shown that there are several different ways of classifying the phenomenon of violence. Here I will summarize the three main types of violence: (1) personal or direct, (2) structural or indirect, and (3) cultural or symbolic. In his paper “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research,” Galtung made his highly significant — and now widely…

The Word “Violence” (2)

Economy/Society
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Here is Galtung’s first definition of violence, as appeared in “Violence, Peace, and Peace Studies,” published in 1969: As a point of departure, let us say that violence is present when human beings are being influenced so that their actual somatic and mental realizations are below their potential realizations. (1969: 168) This is an ambitious definition….